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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships among monetary cost (stimulus), perceived greenwash fear, attitude and perceived behavioural control (organism-related factors) and green hotel patronage intention (response) using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model.Design/methodology/approachA total of 262 valid questionnaires were collected. Data were collected using the purposive sampling method and tested using the partial least squares (PLS) approach.FindingsMonetary cost is positively related to only one organism-related factor which is perceived greenwash fear. All organism-related factors are positively related to response, which is green hotel patronage intention. Attitude mediates the relationship between perceived greenwash fear and green hotel patronage intention, as well as perceived behavioural control and green hotel patronage intention.Research limitations/implicationsA longitudinal study can be performed in the future to observe the actual green hotel patronage behaviour of customers.Practical implicationsGreen hoteliers should focus on the development of communication strategies to enhance their corporate reputation. Green hoteliers also need to build trust by showing their green initiatives are genuine, identify consumers who are willing to pay more for green hotels and offer promotions with price incentives such as frequency discounts, coupons and rebates to increase interest and trialability.Originality/valueFew studies have focused on the use of monetary cost as a stimulus in the S-O-R model to predict green hotel patronage intention. This study also tested the mediating effect of attitude, one of the organism-related factors, in the model.
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Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors, including the food and beverage industry. The pandemic has changed customers' behavior from dine-in services to online food ordering systems. Technology advancements make ordering food easier with Online Food Delivery (OFD) service. However, before buying food online, consumers require a physical assessment to decide to buy the food or beverage. Augmented Reality (AR) is a popular technology to show 3D virtual elements. Meanwhile, the stimulus organism response (SOR) framework can be used to analyze consumers' behavior. More specifically, the SOR model has been used to evaluate the user's behavior intention to accept online shopping apps. However, in the OFD context, there is a lack of research investigating the customer's intention to use the AR app based on the SOR perspective. This study aims to assess the factors influencing consumers' intention to adopt augmented reality apps. 52 AR OFD app customers participate in this study. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and SMARTPLS 3 was used to analyze the research model. This study evaluated from measurement and structural model. The measurement model using factor loading, Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio. The structural model assessed the variance inflation factor (VIF), R2, path coefficient (β), f2, and p-value. The results showed the significance of food image on hedonic, utilitarianism, and perceived informativeness. Furthermore, hedonism was the only determinant that positively influenced the customers' intention to use the AR OFD apps. © IJASEIT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
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After the outbreak of COVID-19, E-commerce lives streaming (ELS) has become popular as a marketing tool to reduce spatial restrictions and control the spread. However, there are concerns about the hesitance to pay after purchasing through ELS. This study examined the psychological factors from a consumer's perspective on reluctance to pay at the end of a hotel reservation through ELS. The conceptual framework of the study integrates the concepts of the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework in conjunction with the Five-Factor Model (Big Five). Data were collected from 401 online questionnaires collected by users with no more than three months of ELS experience and causal relationships were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The study found that promotion (PROM), Content Quality (CTQ) and Content Valence (CTV) played a crucial role in driving viewer interest in booking through hotel live-streaming (HLS). Viewers with the Extraversion personality type (EXT) show interest in booking accommodations through the hotel e-commerce live streaming platform. Financial and privacy concerns influence the assessment of payment options. In addition, finances and dissatisfaction are essential factors that encourage viewers to hesitate to pay after booking. This study is crucial for applying ELS in the tourism and hospitality industry to create new travel experiences post-COVID-19.
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The new normal of social distancing policy and health risks has shaped customers' dining out behaviors at restaurants. This study applied qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the written comments of consumer-generated media on food and service quality and safety and hygiene prevention measures at upscale restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study also investigated the impact of safety and hygiene prevention measures on perceived health risks, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention via the stimulus-organism-response model. Written comments from 10 upscale restaurants were collected, and a purposive sampling approach was used to recruit Millennial respondents to participate in a self-administered survey. Results show different areas of comments provided by customers in the aspects of staff issues, hardware, amenities and other measures. Relationships among safety and hygiene prevention measures, perceived health risks, customer satisfaction and behavioral intention exist. Theoretical development on motivation factors to dine out and managerial implications were discussed. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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The large consumption of food travel vlogs during the COVID-19 pandemic shows its potential for destination promotion. However, little research has been done on this video form. This study explores the difference in food travel vlogs, short videos, live videos, and DMO promotion videos (DPVs) and concludes four distinctive characteristics of food travel vlogs (storytelling, authenticity, intimacy, and presence) through 38 semi-structured interviews. A Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model-based conceptual framework is proposed to help understand the mechanism underlying the influence of food travel vlogs on travellers. This study hopes to provide theoretical and practical implications for destination management and vlogging practices. © 2023, The Author(s).
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PurposeFinancial technology (FinTech) is undergoing a transformation as a result of robotics and artificial intelligence. FinTech service providers are embracing contactless technology, including the development and widespread adoption of innovative payment service. Among the many types of contactless payment services, facial recognition payment (FRP) has gained in popularity. To capitalize on this rising popularity, comprehending the mechanisms underlying continuous usage intention toward FRP is essential. Drawing from the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model, this study investigates how FRP attributes facilitate continuous usage intention.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 321 Chinese FRP users completed an online survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analyzed the results of the survey.FindingsThe results reveal that relative advantage and compatibility, user-interface attractiveness and perceived security (stimuli) promote performance expectancy, effort expectancy and positive emotion (organism), which in turn foster FRP continuous usage intention (response).Originality/valueThis research presents an S-O-R model that incorporates several attributes from DOI theory, the UTAUT model and the AIDUA framework to elucidate the antecedents of consumers' continuous usage intention toward FRP. The findings corroborate the significance of the S-O-R mechanism in FRP, setting the groundwork for the acceptance and development of biometric authentication technologies in service contacts and banks. In addition, the study highlights opportunities and essential aspects for FinTech service developers and providers to consider in terms of their practical significance.
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Introduction: The objective of the research was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 with the predictors of the health belief model (perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action) on the social identity of the consumer and the social identity of the socially responsible food consumption among four generation groups of adults based on the stimulus-organism-response model. Methods: The study had a quantitative approach explanatory design and a cross-sectional temporal dimension. A total of 834 questionnaires were collected from adults in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and the data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicated that perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action positively and significantly influenced social identity, and this positively and significantly influenced socially responsible consumption. In addition, identity was found to be a variable that had a total mediation effect between perceived severity and socially responsible consumption, perceived benefits and socially responsible consumption, and cue to action and socially responsible consumption. While the perceived barriers only had a direct effect on socially responsible consumption. Likewise, a difference was found between generation X and Y, generation Z and X, and generation Y and X in the relationship between cue to action, belonging to a social network group, and social identity. Discussion: In this sense, these results allow us to consider that when environmental stimuli (predictors of the health belief model) affect the organism (social identity), it will respond with socially responsible food consumption. This type of consumption is explained through social identity and is modified according to the age of the consumers due to the effects of social networks.
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Initiatives for marine conservation are funded by revenue from marine sites. However, the emergence of COVID-19 has restricted travelling, thus leading to decreased revenue and weakening conservation efforts. Virtual reality technology to support marine conservation efforts is explored as it allows users to experience marine sites, without having to be there physically. This study examines factors influencing users' desire to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. With the integration of Stimulus-Organism-Response framework and three behavioural theories (i.e. health belief model, attitude, and eTrust), a hypothetical model was constructed to investigate consumers' intention to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism amidst the pandemic. The data were analysed and interpreted using structural equation modelling after 451 survey responses were obtained via an online questionnaire. Outcome expectation, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action exhibit significant positive effects on attitude towards virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. Consequently, attitude has a direct and indirect influence on use intention via eTrust. Post hoc analysis revealed that self-efficacy has a direct impact on eTrust and use intention. Total effect analysis further concluded that attitude has the greatest influence on use intention of virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. This research contributes to the existing literature by utilizing health belief factors to explain use intention of technology towards marine conservation efforts. Recommendations including policy formulation and marketing initiatives were generated for marine ecotourism operators and policymakers. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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The COVID-19 pandemic has consolidated some trends that already existed in our society. Perhaps one of the most visible is the transformation of society towards greater digitisation. Digitalisation has gained weight in all aspects of our lives, and from the point of view of the health system we find an example in the slow historical adoption of telemedicine, which contrasts sharply with the massive conversion to this technology as a tool for social distancing. In this sense, the homebound population is the one most affected by the pandemic and the one that could benefit the most from the use of telemedicine. Using a netnography approach and based on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm, this study proposes to analyse the evolution of perception about telemedicine using the opinions expressed on Twitter. The primary technical tasks of the study incorporate the analysis of topics and the review of emotions and positive image perception using natural language processing. Specifically, tweets about telemedicine generated by the Spanish community are analysed in this work. The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected emotions and topics of interest related to telemedicine. This has changed the image that it had and the behaviour of the Twitter community in Spain. In conclusion, the study results suggest that changes in health systems affect people's emotions and behaviours.
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In the post-COVID-19 era, promoting the healthy development of social e-commerce platforms, taking into account the coordinated development of online social networking and online consumption, enhancing the shopping and sharing atmosphere of the platform, increasing the enthusiasm of distribution members, driving consumption traffic with social traffic, and achieving low-cost publicity and promotion increase the exposure of products. The key to solving the problem is to promote consumer participation, improve user conversion, and improve customer acquisition capabilities. The study is based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory. It introduces the technology acceptance model (TAM) and, according to the member life cycle theory and member value mining theory, will affect consumers' social presence factors in social e-commerce shopping situations. As independent variables, perceived trust and perceived usefulness are used as mediating variables to construct a research model that shows social e-commerce affects user conversion.
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The Social Network Site (SNS) feature continues to be developed so users can quickly spread COVID-19 information. Unfortunately, the number of features or system feature overload can impact discontinuous usage because the feature design makes it difficult for users. Discontinuous usage is a phenomenon that reduces the intensity of SNS use. This research aimed to bring a new system feature overload that leads to discontinuous usage from the perspective of human opinion and behavior. Therefore, the researchers analyzed the role of SNS feature design on discontinuous usage from the perspective of the qualitative Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory. This research was conducted in Indonesia, the country with the largest SNS users, on subjects affected by information overload and SNS exhaustion. The research objective was to comprehend the phenomenon's impact and the driving factors of discontinuous usage. This research had two contributions to understanding the effects of SNS feature design on user behavior. It showed a conceptual model of discontinuous usage related to the driving factors of information overload and SNS exhaustion. © 2022 ACM.
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PurposeDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, people were deprived of their freedom, unable to engage in physical and social activities, and worried about their health. Uncertainty, insecurity, and confinement are all factors that may induce stress, uneasiness, fear, and depression. In this context, this study aims to identify possible relationships of emotions caused by health risks and restrictions to outdoor activities with well-informed decisions about food consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework of this research draws on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm yielding six research hypotheses. An online survey was designated to test these hypotheses. A total of 1,298 responses were gathered from Italy, Greece, and the United Kingdom. Data analyses include demographic group comparisons, moderation, and multiple regression tests.FindingsThe results showed that when people miss their usual activities (including freedom of movement, social contact, travelling, personal care services, leisure activities, and eating at restaurants) and worry about their health and the health of their families, they turn to safer food choices of higher quality, dedicating more of their time and resources to cooking and eating.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings showcase how risk-based thinking is critical for management and marketing strategies. Academics and practitioners may rely on these findings to include extreme conditions within their scope, understanding food literacy as a resilience factor to cope with health risks and stimulated emotions.Originality/valueThis study identified food behavioural patterns under risk-laden conditions. A health risk acted as an opportunity to look at food consumption as a means of resilience.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 promoted the further development of the Cross-border E-commerce (CBEC) industry worldwide. Due to lockdown and home quarantine policies, many countries across the globe followed the complete closure of shopping malls, transport networks, schools, universities, etc. This study aims to investigate factors that influence purchase intention of consumers in CBEC in post-pandemic era. Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, along with Howard-Sheth Model of consumer behavior and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been employed to develop a structural model for the research. An empirical study including 322 copies of questionnaire were collected and were analyzed by SPSSAU. It has been found that input stimuli such as significant stimuli, symbol stimuli, social stimuli affect personal perception, while personal perception such as perceived risk, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affect purchase intention negatively or positively. Based on the study, suggestions were put forward for CBEC platform for further development. © 2022 International Consortium for Electronic Business. All rights reserved.
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PurposeThis study is based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model to examine how job demands and technology overload affect work stress for workers using video conferencing apps (VCAs) in organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the moderating effect of technology self-efficacy was tested in the model on the relationship between technology overload and work stress.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted to investigate workers on PTT forums in Taiwan. A sample was obtained of 253 workers, and structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS to test the hypotheses.FindingsJob demands positively affect work stress through information overload, communication overload and system feature overload. Moreover, high technology self-efficacy may weaken the relationship between technology overload and work stress.Research limitations/implicationsThe study may have sample bias because our sample was obtained from an online survey on social networking sites. Regarding the theoretical implications, this study demonstrated that technology overload, as an internal organism, is a critical mediator influencing the relationship between job demands (stimulus) and work stress (response). Thus, this study extended the applicability of the SOR model in the context of working with VCAs in organizations.Practical implicationsCompany managers need to effectively control the information amount, communication interruptions and system features of social media at optimum levels for workers. Moreover, companies should recruit workers with high technology self-efficacy or provide technology training and technology-related consulting to those with low technology self-efficacy.Originality/valueThe extant work stress knowledge is extended to workers using VCAs in organizations.
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Purpose: Financial technology (FinTech) is undergoing a transformation as a result of robotics and artificial intelligence. FinTech service providers are embracing contactless technology, including the development and widespread adoption of innovative payment service. Among the many types of contactless payment services, facial recognition payment (FRP) has gained in popularity. To capitalize on this rising popularity, comprehending the mechanisms underlying continuous usage intention toward FRP is essential. Drawing from the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model, this study investigates how FRP attributes facilitate continuous usage intention. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 321 Chinese FRP users completed an online survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analyzed the results of the survey. Findings: The results reveal that relative advantage and compatibility, user-interface attractiveness and perceived security (stimuli) promote performance expectancy, effort expectancy and positive emotion (organism), which in turn foster FRP continuous usage intention (response). Originality/value: This research presents an S-O-R model that incorporates several attributes from DOI theory, the UTAUT model and the AIDUA framework to elucidate the antecedents of consumers' continuous usage intention toward FRP. The findings corroborate the significance of the S-O-R mechanism in FRP, setting the groundwork for the acceptance and development of biometric authentication technologies in service contacts and banks. In addition, the study highlights opportunities and essential aspects for FinTech service developers and providers to consider in terms of their practical significance. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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COVID-19 has caused considerable stress to individuals and communities. Daily press briefings on public health during the COVID-19 pandemic have increased individuals' feelings of social pressure. Abrupt changes to a person's immediate environment, such as the changes caused by COVID-19, can substantially affect their mental health and cognitive adjustment. On the basis of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, we examined the effects of digital and physical stimuli related to COVID-19 in Taiwan on individuals' psychological states and preventive behavior, including social distancing and personal hygiene. The data obtained from 498 valid survey questionnaires indicated that digital and physical factors including informativeness, social pressure, and severity exerted direct effects on cognitive assimilation and anxiety, which in turn affected individuals' preventive behavior. Moreover, cognitive assimilation and anxiety had significant mediating effects on the relationships of informativeness, social pressure, and severity with individuals' preventive behavior. The results of this study indicate how digital and physical stimulus factors affect cognitive assimilation and anxiety, which influence preventive behavior during a pandemic.
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Initiatives for marine conservation are funded by revenue from marine sites. However, the emergence of COVID-19 has restricted travelling, thus leading to decreased revenue and weakening conservation efforts. Virtual reality technology to support marine conservation efforts is explored as it allows users to experience marine sites, without having to be there physically. This study examines factors influencing users' desire to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. With the integration of Stimulus-Organism-Response framework and three behavioural theories (i.e. health belief model, attitude, and eTrust), a hypothetical model was constructed to investigate consumers’ intention to adopt virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism amidst the pandemic. The data were analysed and interpreted using structural equation modelling after 451 survey responses were obtained via an online questionnaire. Outcome expectation, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action exhibit significant positive effects on attitude towards virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. Consequently, attitude has a direct and indirect influence on use intention via eTrust. Post hoc analysis revealed that self-efficacy has a direct impact on eTrust and use intention. Total effect analysis further concluded that attitude has the greatest influence on use intention of virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism. This research contributes to the existing literature by utilizing health belief factors to explain use intention of technology towards marine conservation efforts. Recommendations including policy formulation and marketing initiatives were generated for marine ecotourism operators and policymakers.
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As a new form of poverty governance, government officials' livestreaming e-commerce of agricultural and sideline products has been booming since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019. However, exploring the determinants of consumer purchase intentions in the context of government officials' livestreaming is still limited. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, this study develops a research model to examine the effect of platform factor (information quality), user factor (bullet screen mutuality), and streamer factors (streamer trustworthiness, streamer expertise, and streamer responsiveness) on perceived information usefulness and arousal, which in turn affect purchase intention. This study also integrates impulsiveness as a moderator. We use structural equation modeling to analyze 430 samples. Our results show that perceived information usefulness and arousal have a significant positive influence on purchase intention. Moreover, impulsiveness moderates the relationship between perceived information usefulness and purchase intention and between arousal and purchase intention. Livestreaming features and streamer characteristics can activate these two mechanisms. This study provides theoretical contributions to livestreaming and the S-O-R literature, as well as practical insights into livestreaming government officials.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Government Employees , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Consumer Behavior , IntentionABSTRACT
(1) Background: Misinformation is prevalent on social media in the age of COVID-19, exacerbating the threat of the pandemic. Uncovering the processes underlying people's misinformation sharing using social media assists people to cope with misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study extends the stimulus-organism-response framework to examine how individuals' social media dependency relates to their misinformation sharing behavior, with a focus on the underlying processes. (2) Methods: A total of 393 valid questionnaires were collected using a survey method to test the proposed research model. (3) Results: The results demonstrate that informational dependency and social dependency engender both positive and negative cognitive states, namely perceived information timeliness, perceived socialization and social overload, which then invoke positive as well as negative affect. What is more, the results show that both positive affect and negative affect can engender misinformation sharing. (4) Conclusions: Theoretically, this study uncovers the processes that lead to misinformation sharing on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practically, this study provides actionable guidelines on how to manage social media usage and social media content to cope with misinformation sharing during the pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Social Media , Communication , Humans , Pandemics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Online health-related misinformation has become a major problem in society and in-depth research is needed to understand its propagation patterns and underlying mechanisms. This study proposes a psychological typhoon eye effect to understand how health-related misinformation spreads during the pandemic using two national studies. In Study 1, we collected online search data from the United States and China to explore the relationship between the physical distance from the epicenter and the spread of health-related misinformation. Two common pieces of health-related misinformation were examined: "Microwaves kill coronavirus" in the United States and "Taking a hot bath can prevent against COVID-19" in China. Our results indicated a "typhoon eye effect" in the spread of two actual pieces of health-related misinformation using online data from the United States and China. In Study 2, we fabricated a piece of health-related misinformation, "Wash Clothes with Salt Water to Block Infection," and measured the spread behavior and perceived credibility of the misinformation. Again, we observed a typhoon eye effect on the spread behavior as well as the perceived credibility of health-related misinformation among people with limited education. In addition, based on the stimulus-organism-response theory, perceived credibility could serve as a mediator in the relationship between physical distance from the epicenter and the spread of health-related misinformation. Our results highlight the importance of psychological approaches to understanding the propagation patterns of health-related misinformation. The present findings provide a new perspective for development of prevention and control strategies to reduce the spread of health-related misinformation during pandemics.